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What happens after I file a trademark application?

The short answer

Examination → possible objections → advertisement in the Trade Marks Journal → a four-month opposition window → registration. You can use ™ throughout, and the eventual registration dates back to your filing date.

The Registry first examines your application against the law's requirements and earlier marks; objections arrive as an examination report you must answer, sometimes with a hearing. Clear that, and the mark is advertised in the Journal — where any third party has four months to oppose.

Where applications get stuck

Nothing here requires panic; it requires calendar discipline and answers drafted to the point.

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Related answers
How much does a trademark cost in India? What documents do I need to file a trademark in India? How do I remove copycat products from Amazon or Flipkart?

General information about Indian IP practice, not legal advice for your situation — that requires the facts of your case.